Yuav ua li cas xam qhov tsim nyog configuration rau koj tus kheej me me off-grid system?

Koj puas tau xav txog kev siv koj tus kheej lub hnub ci hluav taws xob hauv lub roob roob, nkoj nuv ntses, lossis RV kom tsis txhob muaj kev vam khom rau pej xeem daim phiaj?

Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog ib yam uas tsuas yog engineers tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tsuav koj paub ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv, koj tuaj yeem xam qhov tsim nyog rau koj tus kheej me me off-grid photovoltaic system.

Lub hnub ci off-grid yog hais txog ib qho kev ywj pheej uas tsis tso siab rau pej xeem daim phiaj, es tsis txhob cia siab rau tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic thiab roj teeb cia kom tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau siv nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb roob, Islands tuaj, thaj chaw pastoral, RVs, nkoj nuv ntses, thiab lwm qhov chaw uas tsis muaj zog kab sib chaws.

Hauv qab no, peb yuav qhia koj txog plaub kauj ruam los xam cov kev teeb tsa uas xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 1: Txiav txim siab lub zog photovoltaic module

Lub zog ntawm photovoltaic panels (solar panels) txiav txim siab npaum li cas hluav taws xob koj lub cev tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xam phaj yog: ua ntej txiav txim siab qhov xav tau hluav taws xob niaj hnub, tom qab ntawd muab nws nrog cov kev nyab xeeb hauv zos (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub hnub ci ntev) los txiav txim siab tag nrho lub zog ntawm photovoltaic panels.

Mis:

Module fais fab = (Kev xav tau hluav taws xob txhua hnub × Cov huab cua tsis tu ncua hnub tshaj tawm) ÷ (Lub hnub ci nruab nrab hauv cheeb tsam xuaj moos ua haujlwm)

* Kev siv hluav taws xob txhua hnub: Qhov no tuaj yeem suav tau los ntawm kev suav cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm txhua yam khoom siv sib npaug los ntawm lawv lub sijhawm siv.

Piv txwv li, LED teeb 10W × 5 teev = 50Wh, tub yees 60W × 24 teev = 1440Wh.

* Nruam hnub huab cua ntau tshaj qhov tseem ceeb: txhawm rau suav rau qhov tsim hluav taws xob tsis txaus thaum hnub huab cua sib law liag, qhov xwm txheej no feem ntau yog teeb tsa ntawm 1.1 thiab 1.3.

* Lub sijhawm nruab nrab hnub ci hauv cheeb tsam: Qhov no tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv huab cua hauv zos. Piv txwv li, Beijing muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kwv yees li 4 teev hnub ci ib hnub, thaum Hainan tuaj yeem muaj tshaj 5 teev.

* System efficiency: Qhov no tso nyiaj rau cable poob, xws li efficiency, inverter poob, thiab lwm yam., thiab feem ntau yog teem ntawm 0.75 thiab 0.8.

Piv txwv li:

Piv txwv tias koj siv hluav taws xob txhua hnub yog 3,000 Wh, qhov nruab nrab lub hnub ci hauv cheeb tsam yog 4.5 teev, qhov system ua haujlwm yog 0.78, thiab cov hnub los nag tsis tu ncua yog 1.2:

Module hwj chim = (3,000 × 1.2) ÷ (4.5 × 0.78) ≈ 1,026 W

Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau nruab photovoltaic panels nrog tag nrho lub zog ntawm kwv yees li 1 kW, xws li plaub 250 W modules.

Kauj Ruam 2: Txiav txim siab lub zog tawm ntawm daim phiaj inverter

Lub inverter hloov cov tam sim no ncaj qha (DC) los ntawm photovoltaic panels los yog roj teeb rau hauv alternating tam sim no (AC) rau siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Nws lub hwj chim yuav tsum txaus kom tau raws li koj qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no lub zog xav tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav txog qhov inrush tam sim no ntawm inductive loads (cov khoom siv lub cev muaj zog).

Mis:

Inverter zog = (tag nrho cov resistive load zog + Tag nrho inductive load zog × 5) × Margin factor ÷ Fais fab tuag

* Resistive loads: Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv xws li qhov muag teeb, hluav taws xob, thiab qhov cub.

* Inductive loads: Cov khoom siv nrog lub cev muaj zog lossis compressors, xws li cov tub yees, cov twj tso kua dej, lub tshuab cua txias, thiab lwm yam. Lub zog tam sim no thaum pib yuav yog 5-7 npaug ntawm lub zog ntsuas.

* Kev nyab xeeb yam: Feem ntau teem ntawm 1.2–1.5 kom ntseeg tau tias cov npoo.

* Lub zog muaj zog: feem ntau teem ntawm 0.8–0.9.

Piv txwv li:

Piv txwv tias koj muaj 200W lub teeb fixture (resistive load), 100W tub yees (inductive load), ib qho paj ntawm 1.3, thiab lub zog ntawm 0.85:

Inverter zog = (200 + 100 × 5) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ (200 + 500) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 700 × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 1070 W

Koj yuav xav tau lub inverter nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus muaj peev xwm ntawm 1.1 kW, thiab nws raug nquahu kom xaiv 1.5 kW qauv kom ruaj khov dua.

Kauj Ruam 3: Txiav txim siab lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm

Lub roj teeb yog "lub zog cia" ntawm lub kaw lus tawm, thiab hluav taws xob siv thaum hmo ntuj lossis hnub huab cua feem ntau yog los ntawm nws. Lub peev xwm nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg hnub koj xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob tas li thiab kev siv hluav taws xob txhua hnub.

Mis:

Roj teeb muaj peev xwm (Ah) = (Kev siv hluav taws xob txhua hnub × Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hnub siv hluav taws xob nyob rau hnub huab cua) ÷ (Qhov tob ntawm kev tawm × Kev them nqi / tso tawm ua haujlwm × Lub roj teeb pob hluav taws xob)

* Qhov tob ntawm qhov tso tawm (DOD): Rau cov roj ntsha lead-acid, DOD ntawm 0.5-0.6 raug pom zoo; Rau cov roj teeb lithium, DOD ntawm 0.8-0.9 tau txais.

* Kev Them Nqi / Tso Tawm Ua Haujlwm: Feem ntau teem ntawm 0.85–0.9.

* Roj teeb lub txhab nyiaj Voltage: Common voltages muaj xws li 12V, 24V, thiab 48V; siab dua voltages raug pom zoo rau ntau zog xav tau.

Piv txwv li:

Piv txwv tias koj siv 3000Wh txhua hnub thiab xav kom muaj lub zog rau 2 hnub ntawm huab cua huab cua, siv 48V lithium roj teeb (DOD = 0.9, efficiency = 0.9):

Roj teeb muaj peev xwm = (3000 × 2) ÷ (0.9 × 0.9 × 48)

≈ 6000 ÷ 38.88

≈ 154 Aw

Koj yuav xav tau 48V 154Ah (kwv yees li 7.4kWh) roj teeb pob.

Kauj Ruam 4: Txiav txim siab tus maub los specifications

Lub photovoltaic maub los tswj cov txheej txheem them nyiaj los ntawm photovoltaic modules mus rau lub roj teeb.

Nws cov specifications feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws input tam sim no, suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:

Mis:

Controller input tam sim no = Lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm photovoltaic modules ÷ Roj teeb pob voltage

Piv txwv li, yog tias koj lub photovoltaic panels muaj tag nrho lub zog ntawm 1000W thiab lub roj teeb pob voltage yog 48V:

Controller input tam sim no = 1000 ÷ 48 ≈ 20.8A

Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum xaiv tus maub los nrog cov tswv yim tam sim no ntau dua 21A, feem ntau yog MPPT hom (kev ua haujlwm siab dua, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau hnub huab cua).

Tswv yim tswv yim

1. Tso cai rau cov npoo: Lub neej ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov cuab yeej nyob ntawm qhov tsim nyog redundancy tsim; tsis kho qhov tsis nruj dhau.
2. MPPT yog superior rau PWM: Txawm hais tias MPPT maub los yog me ntsis kim dua, lawv muab kev tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teeb pom kev tsis ruaj khov.
3. Ua ntej tshaj lithium-ion roj teeb: Lawv yog cov compact, lub teeb yuag, thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus tawm, muab kev txuag nqi mus sij hawm ntev.
4. Npaj rau yav tom ntej nthuav dav: Yog tias koj xav tias yuav ntxiv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau yav tom ntej, xyuas kom muaj peev xwm txaus rau ob qho tib si photovoltaic system thiab roj teeb.

Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim ib qho me me off-grid photovoltaic system nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb xam cov teeb tsa raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag, tsis yog "yuav ob peb lub vaj huam sib luag thiab roj teeb" thiab hu nws ib hnub.

Master cov 4 cov qauv no:

1. Photovoltaic module fais fab mis
2. Inverter zog formula
3. Roj teeb muaj peev xwm formula
4. Controller input tam sim no formula

Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem suav cov kev teeb tsa rau qhov me me off-grid system uas yog ob qho tib si txaus thiab ruaj khov.

Thaum tsim thawj zaug, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv 10% -20% cov npoo ntxiv raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qauv, tso cai rau kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab cov khoom siv nthuav dav ntxiv.